16, diabetes, acute and emergency

First, determine the patient belongs to the following Frequently Asked what kind of acute diabetes
1, ketosis, ketoacidosis
(1) Mechanism: As insufficient insulin, the cells can be used to reduce the energy, resulting in speeding up the decomposition of body fat. Ketone is produced after lipolysis substances in the blood content of normal little, almost not detected. When speeding up the decomposition of fat, blood ketone body increased significantly, that is called ketosis. At this time the blood will become acidic, called ketoacidosis, severe cases, coma occurred.
(2) Performance:
① easily be suffering from a variety of infection or sudden diabetes occurs when the suspension.
② loss of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting.
③ drowsiness, confusion, breathing deepened to speed up, such as bad breath苹果味, the last occurrence of a coma.
④ laboratory examination: high blood sugar, blood ketone body appeared in the blood become acidic.
2, hypoglycemia, low blood sugar coma
(1) Mechanism
① diabetes medications have oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin injections two ways. The results are easy to make to lower blood sugar. However, if use properly, so that blood sugar drop too much, it would cause the occurrence of hypoglycemia.
② If the patient due to various reasons, poor appetite, or not eating, diarrhea, vomiting, but also in accordance with the level of peacetime use of hypoglycemic agents or insulin injections, then not only hypoglycemia reaction, severe cases can cause low blood sugar coma .
(2) identification of hypoglycemia
① palpitation, cold sweat, shake the whole body.
② abnormal fasting or hunger, nausea.
③ sleepiness, drowsiness, headache, inattentive.
(3) to identify low blood sugar coma
① before have palpitation, cold sweat, nausea, feeling, and gradually drowsiness, should not call them.
② morning time, how is also called the unconscious, all cold, we can see a cold sweat, but found no obvious abnormal vital signs.
③ has a history of diabetes, oral hypoglycemic agents, the last few days eating is abnormal, or diarrhea, vomiting, fever, gradual emergence of consciousness, delirious trance, the development of coma.
Diabetic coma the three main
Hypoglycemic coma
When blood sugar is lower than 3 mmol / L known as hypoglycemia, severe hypoglycemia coma occur. Common causes are: excessive use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic medicinal and eat less excessive; physical activity increased, but there is no corresponding increase in appetite.
Ketoacidosis coma
The reasons are: 1. Diabetic patients insulin disable or reduce excessive or exacerbations; 2. A variety of acute and chronic infection; 3. Stress, such as trauma, surgery, childbirth, pregnancy, acute myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism , etc.; 4. eating disorders, eating too much or too little, such as excessive drinking.
Of non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma
This was particularly prevalent in a coma over the age of 60 diabetic patients.To severe dehydration, high blood glucose, high plasma osmotic pressure and neurological symptoms as the main clinical manifestations.
Principles of first aid in diabetic coma
The past has a history of diabetes, the onset of coma and can not find any other cause, the first suspected diabetic coma, according to the principles of emergency first aid coma.
(1) the patient lying first lateral side, and maintain airway, clear the vomit to prevent the misuse of attracting from suffocation.
(2) carefully observe the condition changes, if respiratory arrest, artificial respiration immediately.
(3) the rapid call "120" emergency calls, will be promptly sent to the hospital for emergency treatment of patients.
As a result of diabetes-induced coma, in addition to the causes of hypoglycemia, the blood sugar can also be caused by significantly increased hyperosmolar coma, so when in a coma is not clear why it should not feeding sugar to patients so as not to aggravate the disease. And unconscious patients to feed sugar easily lead to choking or suffocation.
Diabetic coma first aid points:
① the past has a history of diabetes, the onset of coma and can not find any other cause, the first suspected diabetic coma.
② coma by the principle of first aid treatment: to maintain the airway and prevent aspiration vomit.
③ call "120" first-aid personnel, the patient to the hospital, we should first check the blood sugar to determine the direction of disease treatment.
④ Do not feed sugar to a coma patient in order to avoid choking or suffocation.
Above, the home of people who have diabetes should be borne in mind!
Diabetes after the fall of first-aid measures
To determine one is sudden death or coma. 2 To determine is a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke. 3 To determine whether the fracture.